During 1967–1975, scholarship in Spanish Cultural Studies foregrounded how institutional and economic structures—great estates, audiencia appointments, and colonial governance—organized social hierarchy and policy, tying land tenure, law, and power across the Spanish Atlantic world. Transnational networks and intercultural exchange—Genoese trade in Seville, Mosquitia conflicts, and cross-border acculturation—emerged as primary drivers of colonial expansion and cultural formation, shaping research trajectories toward cross-border comparisons and global connections. Language policy, discourse and cultural formation shaped scholarly practice, foregrounding plural formation, Creole–Peninsular dialogues, and political-analytic framing in cross-cultural contexts. Feminist readings and critical reassessment of colonial narratives challenged gender norms and the Black Legend, informing re-evaluations of Spanish colonial history through drama and historiography.